Flat Foot (Pes plano Valgus)

What is a Flat Foot?

Pes plano valgus is a condition where the longitudinal arch or instep of the foot collapses and comes in contact with the ground. In infants and toddlers, the longitudinal arch is not developed and flat feet are considered to be normal. In some individuals, the longitudinal arch never develops, thus resulting in pes plano valgus.

Some flat feet do not cause pain or other problems. Pes plano valgus may be associated with over-pronation, a leaning inward of the ankle bones toward the centre line of the foot.

Symptoms of a Flat Foot?

Some common symptoms of a flat foot are:

• A flat appearance to one, or both feet
• Uneven shoe wear and collapse of your shoe toward the inside of your foot
• Lower leg pain
• Pain on the inside and / or outside of your ankle
• Swelling along the inside of your ankle
• Foot pain

What Causes Flat Feet?

Painful flat feet in children may be caused by a condition called “tarsal coalition”. Tarsal coalition is a condition where two or more of the bones in the foot fuse together, limiting the range of motion and often leading to a fat feet.

Flat feet can also be caused by fallen arches. Years of wear and tear can weaken the tendons and ligaments that are responsible for shaping the arch. Fallen arches can also be caused by an injury such as inflammation of the tendons in the foot.

Can a Flat Foot be Treated?

Yes. However, flexible flat feet that are painless may not require treatment.  If flat feet cause pain, an evaluation with a foot specialist is required to determine the underlying cause. The exact course of treatment will depend on the cause of the flat feet. Some common treatments for pes plano valgus are: custom foot orthotics, ankle braces, rest, ultra-sound and / or combination therapies.

Complications of a Flat Foot?

In some cases, complications may occur. Common complications are:

• Inflammation and pain in the ligaments and/or soles of your feet
• Achilles and posterior tibial tendinitis
• Shin splints
• Stress fractures in your lower leg
• Bunions
• Calluses, Knee torsion